This Shabbat we read two biblical sections: Mattot and Mas’e.
In Mattot, several important topics are addressed. Firstly, the value of promises and how to cancel them when it becomes impossible to fulfill them is highlighted. Then, the Tora recounts what happened with the Midianites, who tried to attack Israel, and the capture of prisoners and the spoils of war. All the tribes increased their wealth and the number of animals grew.
The tribes of Reuben and Gad owned a large amount of livestock and requested from Moshe to settle east of the Jordan instead of entering the land of Israel with the rest of the people. Initially, Moshe refused, as the Jewish community had to face the powerful Canaanite peoples who lived there, and they needed a strong and united army. The fear was that the desertion of these tribes could cause frustration and weaken the unity of the people. However, the tribes of Reuben and Gad assured Moshe that they would actively participate in the war of conquest and that they would return to the other side of the Jordan River once they had won the war. They even offered to lead the front line.
In Mas’e, the Tora details the different stages of the Jewish people’s journey through the desert during the 40 years following their departure from Egypt. The places where the Israelites camped and the paths they took are listed in detail.
God commands Moshe to inform the children of Israel about the borders of the future land of Israel and the portion of land that each tribe will receive. Each tribe must give a part of their possessions, lands, and animals to the Levites and the cohanim (priests), who are dedicated to divine service and the teaching of the Tora. They must also establish cities of refuge for those accused of murder, where they will wait until their innocence or guilt is determined. There will be six cities of refuge, three on this side of the Jordan and three in Canaan.
Moshe informs the people about God’s specific laws regarding murder. If someone commits intentional murder, they must be sentenced to death, but only if at least two witnesses can confirm their guilt. No one can be sentenced to death based on the testimony of a single witness. If a death occurs unintentionally or accidentally, the responsible person will be taken to a city of refuge.
God asks that they not turn the Promised Land into a place of sins, lies, and injustice. They must keep the land pure, as God is watching over the Children of Israel.
After the promulgation of these laws on murder, the inheritance of the daughters of Zelophehad is clarified. When there are no male heirs, God tells Moshe that the inheritance of the land will pass to the daughters.
